Valve structure for internal-combustion engines.



M. E. MOREL.

VALVE STRUCTURE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED MAR 14, 1912.

1,078,942, Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

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M. E. MOREL. VALVE STRUCTURE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAILM, 1912.

1,078,942. Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

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Abs

: 7 A P/% MEZMOWQL UNITED STATES PATENT oriuca MARSHALL E. MOREL, OF SHERIDAN, ILLINOIS.

VALVE STRUCTUBE FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

- clear, and exact description of the invention,

such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to new and useful improvements in internal combustion engines of the four cycle type and more particularly to the valve mechanism for the same and the object of myjnvent-ion is to improve the construction and increase the efliciency of engines of the above described character.

A further object of my invention is to provide a valve'struct-ure which is better adapted for extreme speeds and which issilent in operation, being actuated without the use of cams, springs and the like.

With these and other objects in View, my invention will be more fully described, illustrated in the drawings which show a preferred embodiment of iny device and then specifically pointed out in the claim which is attached to and forms a part of this application.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a single cylinder engine with my improved valve applied thereto, the valve being shown in section. Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary elevation of a portion of the structure shown in Fig. 1, the valve being removed from the casing. Fig. 4- 1s a perspective of the valve. Fig. 5 is a perspective of the removable cap employed in closing the valve casing.

Referring more specifically to the draw ings, in which similar reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout, 10 designates'the cylinder of my improved engine which is provided with a conventional form of piston 11 having a piston rod 12 the lower end of which is operatively connected to a crank shaft 13 which is journaled in the usual or' any preferred form of crank casing 14 which casing, is preferably cast integrally'with the cylinder.

The cylinder head 15 is preferably proyided adjacent one side with an upwardly Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 14, 1912.

Patented Nov. 18, 1913. Serial No. 683,737.

directed extension 16 forming a chamber 17 which communicates with the valve casing deslgnated as a whole by the numeral 18,

by vertically spaced apart inlet and exhaust ports 19 and 20 respectively. The valve casing which as shown is substantially cylindrical in shape may be cast integrally with the cylinder or formed as a separate cast-.

ing and secured to the cylinder by belts or other preferred means. The lower end of this valve casing is closed by an integrally formed bottom member 21 provided centrally with a bearing 22 for a purpose which will be hereinafter apparent and with a re-v duced cylindrical extension 23 which is open at its end and externally threaded for connection with the usual exhaust pipe, not shown, The upper end of the valve casing 18 is internally threaded as at 24 to engage with the externalthreads 25 of a plug 26 which forms a removable closure for the valve casing, this plug being provided with an internally threaded bore 27 adapted to receive the externally threaded end of an inlet pipe 28.

The valve proper comprises a hollow cylindrical body member 29 open at its ends, fitting closely within the valve casing 18, and supported by means of an inwardly directed annular flange 30 formed integrally with the valve casing and provided with an upwardly directed extension 31 which bears against the inner face of the valve as shown. The closure 26, when in place. bears upon the upper end of the valve body 29 and is provided with a downwardly directed flange 32 which engages against the inner facc of the upper end of the valve. By this means the valve is held against longitudinal movement in its casing while at the same time it is free to revolve therein.

The valve body 29 is divided centrally by' means of a transversely extending partition wall and a valve stem 34 has one end passed through the bearing 22 formed in the bottom of the valve casing and through the central portion of the partition wall 33, said valve stem being locked to the valve by means of an annular shoulder 35 and a nut 36 between which the partition wall is clamped. Secured upon the lower end of the valve stem by means of a similar shoulder 37 and a nut 38 is a bevel gear 39 which,

meshes with a bevel gear 40 carried by the crank shaft, said gears being preferably inclosed in a supplemental casing 41 secured to the exterior face of the crank shaft and provided with suitable bearings for both the crank shaft and valve stem. The gears 39 and 40 are so proportioned that the valve will be turned through one complete revolu tion for every two revolutions of the crank shaft.

The valve is provided above the partition wall 33 with a port 42 so positioned as to register with the port 19 of the cylinder during the inlet stroke of the engine and below the partition with a port 43 sopositioned as to register with the port 20 of the cylinder during the exhaust stroke of the engine, this being possible because of the half time gearing between the crankshaft and valve because of which the ports of the valve register with their respective cylinder ports but once during each complete cycle of the engine. I

In order to permit more ready starting of my engine I have provided the extension 16 of the cylinder head 15 with a lateral extension 44 provided with a longitudinal extending bore in which is rotatably mounted a turn plug 45 having a transverse bore 46 which in one position forms communication between the cylinder and the outer air through ports 48 and 49. This turn plug is provided with a. stem 50 which extends through a plug 51 which is threaded into the bore to close the same and the free end of this stem is provided with a hand lever 52 by means of which the turn plug may be operated. As will be seen this turn plug forms, .in fact, a manually operated valve by means of which communication may be established between the cylinder and the 'outer'a-ir; When the engine is to be started this va'lve'may be opened to relieve the cylinder compression and thus render the cranking more easy.

In operation, suppose the engine to be in motion the parts being in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings. As the piston moves up on its exhaust stroke the exhaust gases are forced out through the registering ports 20 and 43. As the piston starts on its downward or intake stroke the valve turns closmg the exhaust port of the engine and bringing the valve port 42 into registration with the cylinder port 19 to admit gas to the cylinder. During the next two strokes of the cylinder, namely the comprcssion'and explosion strokes both ports remain closed, the. valve turning during this time until at the end of the explosion stroke it occupies its original position.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that I have provided a simple and eifective form of valve structure for four cycle engines and one so formed and arranged that the valve may be driven by the movement of the crank shaft without the intercession of springs, cams or the like.

It will of course be understood that minor changes in the details of construction may be made if desired wit-hotit in the slightest degree departing from the spirit of my invention.

What I claim is In a gas engine the combination with a cylinder having an extension at its upper end forming a valve casing communicating with the cylinder by means of vertically spaced inlet and exhaust ports, said valve chamber having an inwardly directed annular flange near its lower end with an upwardly directed extension, a plug in the upper end of the chamber with a downwardly directed flange, a rotary valve in the casing and having its upper and lower ends respectively engaged against the lower flange and the plug, the upwardly directed extension and the downwardly directed flange retaining the valve in proper position, said valve having a central horizontal partition and upper and lower ports for registration attimes with the ports in the cylinder, an inlet pipe secured in the plug, an outlet opening at the lower end of the chamber, a pis-.

ton in the cylinder, and connections between a the valve and piston.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

MARSHALL E. MOREL.

Witnesses: J. A. QUAM, Ron'r. KNAPP.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). G. 

